Objective The study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanism of quercitrin on osteogenic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. Methods rBMSCs were harvested from SD rats, and determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, quantification of mineralization by Alizarin Red S staining, and the mRNA expression of osteogenic differentiation markers (Runx2, BMP-2, and OSX) by RT-PCR after rBMSCs stimulated by osteogenic induction with (0.1-10) µg/mL of quercitrin, quantification of Lipid droplet by Oil Red O staining and the mRNA expression of adipogenic differentiation marker (PPARγ, C/EBPα, and aP2) by RT-PCR after rBMSCs stimulated by adipogenic induction with (0.1-10) µg/mL of quercitrin. Results Quercitrin can up-regulate the mRNA expression of osteogenic differentiation markers (Runx2, BMP-2, and OSX) and increase ALP activity and mineralization after osteogenic induction, on the other hand quercitrin can suppress the mRNA expression of adipogenic differentiation markers (PPARγ, C/EBPα, and aP2) and decrease lipid droplet after adipogenic induction. Conclusion This study suggested that quercitrin not only stimulated osteogenic differentiation but also inhibited adipogenic differentiation of rBMSCs, which was associated with the up-regulation of Runx2, BMP-2, and OSX mRNA expression and the down-regulation of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and aP2 mRNA expression.